| Question.21 A department manager has read access to the salaries of the employees in his/her department but not to the salaries of employees in other departments. A database security mechanism that enforces this policy would typically be said to provide which of the following? A. Content-dependent access control B. Context-dependent access control C. Least privileges access control D. Ownership-based access control |
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Correct Answer: A
| Question.22 Which of the following attacks could capture network user passwords? (A) Data diddling (B) Sniffing (C) IP Spoofing (D) Smurfing |
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Correct Answer: B
A network sniffer captures a copy every packet that traverses the network segment the sniffer is connect to.
Sniffers are typically devices that can collect information from a communication medium, such as a network. These devices can range from specialized equipment to basic workstations with customized software.
A sniffer can collect information about most, if not all, attributes of the communication. The most common method of sniffing is to plug a sniffer into an existing network device like a hub or switch. A hub (which is designed to relay all traffic passing through it to all of its ports) will automatically begin sending all the traffic on that network segment to the sniffing device. On the other hand, a switch (which is designed to limit what traffic gets sent to which port) will have to be specially configured to send all traffic to the port where the sniffer is plugged in.
Another method for sniffing is to use a network tapa device that literally splits a network transmission into two identical streams; one going to the original network destination and the other going to the sniffing device. Each of these methods has its advantages and disadvantages, including cost, feasibility, and the desire to maintain the secrecy of the sniffing activity.
The packets captured by sniffer are decoded and then displayed by the sniffer. Therfore, if the username/password are contained in a packet or packets traversing the segment the sniffer is connected to, it will capture and display that information (and any other information on that segment it can see).
Of course, if the information is encrypted via a VPN, SSL, TLS, or similar technology, the information is still captured and displayed, but it is in an unreadable format.
The following answers are incorrect:
Data diddling involves changing data before, as it is enterred into a computer, or after it is extracted.
Spoofing is forging an address and inserting it into a packet to disguise the origin of the communication – or causing a system to respond to the wrong address.
Smurfing would refer to the smurf attack, where an attacker sends spoofed packets to the broadcast address on a gateway in order to cause a denial of service.
The following reference(s) were/was used to create this question:
CISA Review manual 2014 Page number 321
Official ISC2 Guide to the CISSP 3rd edition Page Number 153
| Question.23 Which of the following would constitute the best example of a password to use for access to a system by a network administrator? (A) holiday (B) Christmas12 (C) Jenny (D) GyN19Za! |
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Correct Answer: D
| Question.24 The number of violations that will be accepted or forgiven before a violation record is produced is called which of the following? (A) clipping level (B) acceptance level (C) forgiveness level (D) logging level |
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Correct Answer: A
The correct answer is “clipping level”. This is the point at which a system decides to take some sort of action when an action repeats a preset number of times.
That action may be to log the activity, lock a user account, temporarily close a port, etc.
Example: The most classic example of a clipping level is failed login attempts. If you have a system configured to lock a user’s account after three failed login attemts, that is the “clipping level”.
The other answers are not correct because:
Acceptance level, forgiveness level, and logging level are nonsensical terms that do not exist (to my knowledge) within network security.
Reference:
Official ISC2 Guide – The term “clipping level” is not in the glossary or index of that book. I cannot find it in the text either. However, I’m quite certain that it would be considered part of the CBK, despite its exclusion from the Official Guide.
All in One Third Edition page: 136 – 137
| Question.25 Examples of types of physical access controls include all EXCEPT which of the following? (A) badges (B) locks (C) guards (D) passwords |
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Correct Answer: D
Passwords are considered a Preventive/Technical (logical) control.
The following answers are incorrect:
badges Badges are a physical control used to identify an individual. A badge can include a smart device which can be used for authentication and thus a
Technical control, but the actual badge itself is primarily a physical control. locks Locks are a Preventative Physical control and has no Technical association. guards Guards are a Preventative Physical control and has no Technical association.
The following reference(s) were/was used to create this question:
Source: KRUTZ, Ronald L. & VINES, Russel D., The CISSP Prep Guide: Mastering the Ten Domains of Computer Security, John Wiley & Sons, 2001, Chapter 2:
Access control systems (page 35).